Motor Learning
APA Formatting
Graduate level writing
8 or more pages plus Title and reference page.
9 or more sources that are scholarly and illustrate a high degree of research and technical expertise.
Answer the following questions. Each question should take 1 1/2 – 2 pages including referencing. Each question must have at least two APA references with corresponding in-text documentation as well.
Question #1
You have learned several methods of skill classification. Select a motor skill and classify according to:
1. Environmental predictability
2. Task Organization
3. Importance of motor vs cognitive importance
Explain why each classification is an important consideration when selecting appropriate learning strategies for an early learner.
Question #2
Practice variability affects motor learning. It is the assumption that to perform under variable conditions, such as attempting to make a golf swing, the learner needs to practice under a variety of conditions. In other words, only practicing at the driving range would not transfer well to a real game.
Overall, variability of practice seems to be a critical learning and performance issue.
1. Provide an example of a specific motor skill that would like to teach.
2. After you have selected that motor skill develop a three-week practice schedule, three days per week that shows variability of practice.
3. In your own words, define schema as it relates to motor learning, practice variability, and transfer of motor skills.
4. What is the schema that you are hoping the learner will develop about your skill?
Question #3
Describe the teaching/learning dilemma of speed vs accuracy. Why is this concept fundamental to both learning and performance of movement skills?
1. What is the most critical consideration when choosing between each?
2. What are the trade-offs the teacher and learner must consider?
3. Provide an example of applying this concept.
4. Explain your philosophy concerning the emphasis of each in a learning environment.
Question #4
All learners go through various stages of learning from the beginning as early learners to advanced or elite.
1. Select a skill and illustrate how Fitts-Posner’s stages of learning interacts with Schema theory.
2. Where does the concept of degrees of freedom fit within this discussion?
Expert Solution Preview
Introduction:
In the field of medicine, it is important to understand the principles of motor learning in order to effectively teach and assess the development of skills in medical college students. As a medical professor, it is crucial to design assignments and examinations that incorporate these principles. This assignment is designed to explore the various concepts and theories related to motor learning and how they apply to medical education.
Question #1:
When selecting an appropriate learning strategy for an early learner, it is important to consider several method of skill classification. For example, let us consider the skill of suturing, which involves the ability to use a needle and thread to close a wound.
1. Environmental predictability: This classification refers to the amount of variability in the environment in which the skill is performed. Suturing is a motor skill that requires a stable environment, with minimal distractions or changes in the conditions. Thus, it falls under the category of low environmental predictability.
2. Task Organization: This classification refers to how the skill is structured and organized, or the degree of complexity. Suturing involves a specific sequence of movements, which are organized and structured in a particular way, making it a highly organized task.
3. Importance of Motor vs cognitive importance: This classification refers to the degree to which the motor or cognitive components of the skill are emphasized. In suturing, the motor skills involved are more important, as it requires precise needle placement and hand-eye coordination.
Considering these classifications, it is important to select appropriate learning strategies for an early learner such as repeated practice, feedback, and demonstration. Additionally, it is important to provide opportunities for skill acquisition in a low-stress environment, with minimal distractions.
Question #2:
1. A specific motor skill that we would like to teach is the skill of conducting a physical examination of the patient.
2. Three-week practice schedule for variability of practice:
Week 1: Physical examination of the patient in a private, quiet room
Week 2: Physical examination of the patient in a busy emergency room
Week 3: Physical examination of the patient in a distraction-free zone
3. In motor learning, schema refers to a set of generalized rules or concepts that are developed through practice and experience. Practice variability is an important aspect of schema development, as it helps learners to develop a more generalized set of rules or concepts that can be applied to a range of situations. The transfer of motor skills refers to the ability to apply previously learned skills to a new, related situation, which is facilitated by the schema developed through practice variability.
4. The schema that we hope the learner will develop in relation to the physical examination skill is one that will allow them to apply the fundamental principles of the examination to a wide range of medical conditions and patients, regardless of the environmental factors.
Question #3:
The teaching/learning dilemma of speed vs accuracy is a common concept in the development of movement skills. It refers to the balance between the need for speed or efficiency in performing a skill versus the need for accuracy and precision.
1. The most critical consideration when choosing between speed and accuracy is the intended use of the skill. For example, if the skill is to be used in a time-sensitive emergency situation, speed may become the priority. In contrast, if the skill is intended for use in a controlled environment, accuracy may be more important.
2. The teacher and learner must consider the trade-offs between speed and accuracy. For example, increasing the speed of execution may result in a decrease in accuracy, while increasing accuracy may result in a decrease in speed.
3. An example of applying this concept is in the skill of conducting an emergency tracheotomy. In this scenario, speed is of the essence, but accuracy is also critical in order to avoid complications.
4. In a learning environment, the emphasis of speed vs accuracy should be tailored to the specific context. For example, in an emergency medicine setting, speed may be emphasized, whereas in a surgical setting, accuracy may be more important.
Question #4:
1. Let us consider the skill of catheterization. Fitts-Posner’s stages of learning provide a framework for understanding the progression of skill acquisition, from the cognitive stage through the autonomous stage. Schema theory refers to the development of a generalized set of rules or concepts that can be applied to a range of situations. In the early stages of learning catheterization, learners may rely heavily on verbal instructions and demonstrations, but as they progress through the stages of learning, they will begin to develop a more generalized set of rules or concepts (schema) that can be applied to a range of catheterization scenarios.
2. The concept of degrees of freedom plays a crucial role in understanding motor learning. Degrees of freedom refers to the number of ways in which a movement can be executed. In the early stages of learning catheterization, learners may have limited degrees of freedom, as they are still learning the basic components of the skill. However, as they progress through the stages of learning, they will have more degrees of freedom, allowing them to execute the skill in a wider range of situations.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, understanding the principles of motor learning is essential for medical professors to effectively teach and evaluate the development of skills in medical college students. The four questions presented in this assignment provided a comprehensive overview of the various concepts and theories related to motor learning and how they apply to medical education. Incorporating these principles into curriculums will enable medical students to acquire and execute skills with accuracy and precision.
